The Schirmer tear test, also known as the STT, is a quick and painless procedure performed by veterinarians to measure tear production in dogs. It’s a vital diagnostic tool used to diagnose a condition known as Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca (KCS) more commonly referred to as dry eye. But what is considered a “normal” result for a Schirmer tear test? This article will delve into the details of this important test, explaining what’s considered a normal result and why it matters for your canine companion.
What Does a Schirmer Tear Test Measure?
Simply put, the Schirmer tear test measures the quantity of the aqueous portion of tears produced in your dog’s eyes. Tears are essential for maintaining healthy eye function. They lubricate the cornea, remove debris, and provide nutrients to the eye. When tear production is inadequate, a dog can experience discomfort and even vision problems.
How is a Schirmer Tear Test Performed?
The STT involves gently placing a specially designed sterile paper strip, known as a Schirmer strip, under the lower eyelid of each eye. These strips have markings that indicate the level of moisture absorbed. After a minute, the veterinarian removes the strips and measures the amount of moisture absorbed to determine tear production.
What is Considered a Normal Schirmer Tear Test Result?
A normal Schirmer tear test result for a dog is typically 15 millimeters (mm) or higher of moisture on the strip within one minute. Results below this range may indicate insufficient tear production, potentially pointing to dry eye or other underlying conditions.
Why Tear Production Matters
Adequate tear production is crucial for maintaining healthy eyes. Here’s why:
- Lubrication: Tears keep the surface of the eye moist, preventing friction and irritation.
- Clear Vision: Tears help maintain a smooth, clear surface on the cornea, essential for clear vision.
- Nutrient Supply: Tears deliver essential nutrients and oxygen to the cornea.
- Debris Removal: Tears wash away dust, debris, and potential irritants.
- Infection Control: Tears contain antibacterial properties that help protect the eyes from infections.
Causes of Abnormal Schirmer Tear Test Results
Several factors can contribute to low tear production in dogs, including:
- Breed Predisposition: Certain breeds, such as Bulldogs, Shih Tzus, and Yorkshire Terriers, are more prone to dry eye.
- Immune-Mediated Diseases: These conditions cause the body’s immune system to attack its own tear glands.
- Medications: Some medications, like certain antibiotics or antihistamines, can reduce tear production as a side effect.
- Hormonal Imbalances: Hypothyroidism, a common endocrine disorder in dogs, can also affect tear production.
- Neurological Conditions: Damage to nerves that control tear production can lead to dry eye.
What Happens If My Dog Has an Abnormal Schirmer Tear Test?
If your dog’s Schirmer tear test results are outside the normal range, your veterinarian will likely recommend further investigation to determine the underlying cause of the reduced tear production. This may involve:
- Complete Eye Exam: To assess overall eye health and rule out other eye conditions.
- Blood Tests: To check for underlying medical conditions like hypothyroidism or immune-mediated diseases.
- Fluorescein Staining: This test uses a special dye to detect corneal ulcers or scratches, which can occur secondary to dry eye.
Treatment Options for Low Tear Production
Treatment for low tear production will depend on the underlying cause and severity of the condition. Options may include:
- Artificial Tears: These over-the-counter or prescription eye drops help lubricate the eyes and mimic natural tears.
- Medications to Stimulate Tear Production: Certain medications, such as cyclosporine or tacrolimus, can help stimulate tear production.
- Surgery: In some cases, surgical procedures can be performed to improve tear flow or address underlying structural issues.
Early Detection is Key
Early diagnosis and treatment of dry eye are crucial in preventing complications like corneal scarring, vision loss, and chronic eye pain. Regular veterinary checkups, including an eye exam, are essential for maintaining your furry friend’s eye health.
When to Contact Your Veterinarian
If you notice any of the following signs in your dog, consult your veterinarian promptly:
- Excessive blinking or squinting
- Red or inflamed eyes
- Thick, sticky, or mucoid discharge from the eyes
- Pawing at the eyes
- Cloudy appearance to the eyes
Conclusion
The Schirmer tear test is a valuable tool that allows veterinarians to assess tear production in dogs. A normal result provides reassurance that your dog’s eyes are adequately lubricated and healthy. On the other hand, abnormal results warrant further investigation to determine the cause and initiate appropriate treatment to prevent discomfort and potential vision problems.
Remember, early detection and treatment are crucial for ensuring the long-term health and comfort of your furry friend’s eyes.
FAQs
1. How often should my dog have a Schirmer tear test?
For healthy adult dogs, most veterinarians recommend a Schirmer tear test at their annual wellness exam. Dogs with a higher risk of dry eye, such as those with predisposed breeds or certain medical conditions, may benefit from more frequent testing.
2. Can stress affect the results of a Schirmer tear test?
Yes, stress can temporarily reduce tear production, potentially leading to a false-positive result. If your dog is anxious during the test, your veterinarian may recommend retesting at a later date or consider other diagnostic methods.
3. Is dry eye painful for dogs?
Yes, dry eye can be very uncomfortable for dogs, causing irritation, burning, and a feeling of grittiness in the eyes. In severe cases, it can lead to corneal ulcers and vision loss.
4. Can I use human artificial tears on my dog?
It’s best to avoid using human artificial tears on your dog unless specifically recommended by your veterinarian. Some human eye drops contain ingredients that can be harmful or irritating to canine eyes.
5. Is there a way to prevent dry eye in dogs?
While not all cases of dry eye are preventable, there are measures you can take to reduce your dog’s risk, such as:
- Choosing a breed that is not prone to dry eye
- Providing a healthy diet and plenty of fresh water
- Protecting your dog’s eyes from irritants like dust and smoke
- Scheduling regular veterinary checkups
Need More Information?
If you have further questions or need additional guidance on canine eye health, don’t hesitate to contact the experts at Beaut Dogs. We are committed to providing dog owners with the information and resources they need to keep their furry companions happy and healthy.
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